Phytotechnological interventions and herbal perspectives of medicinal plants in Ayurveda as phytoimmunoboosters - A novel preventive approach for microbial pathogens

Authors

  • Monalisa MOHANTY Rama Devi Women’s University, Department of Biotechnology, Bhubaneswar-022, Odisha (IN)
  • Samita MOHANTY Ayurvedic Medical Officer, AYUSH, NRHM, Govt. Hospital, Khurda, Odisha (IN)
  • Pravanjan ACHARYA Govt. Ayurvedic College Rewa, Madhya Pradesh (IN)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16412129

Keywords:

bioactive constituents, biosystematics, COVID-19, ethnomedicine, immunomodulators, medicinal herbs

Abstract

Being the sources of many imperative drugs of the modern world, medicinal plants occupy an important position in various fields of medical science like allopathic medicine, herbal medicine, homoeopathy and aromatherapy. The empirical knowledge on the bioactive constituents of medicinal plants and their mode of action has emerged in recent era of medical science to combat the detrimental side effects of conventional antibiotics with higher safety and sustainable health practice. With the emerging risk of COVID-19 infection and its associated health ailments, there is an     utmost need for sustainable health practices through alternate herbal medicines. The present article gives an insight into the application of traditional knowledge of Indian traditional medicine with the practice of Ayurveda. This knowledge could be a tool against deadliest microbial pathogens by employing immunomodulatory phytoconstituents to strengthen the immune system in order to fight against infections. The natural defense system of the body (immunity) plays a vital role in maintaining health and defeating disease.  Several phytoconstituents like saponins, berberine and giloin, euseohygrine, anaferine, withanolide-A, carvacrol, sesquiterpene, hydrocarbon, cirsilineol, circimaritin, bisapolene, zingiberol, zingiberene, sylvatin, sesamin, piperine and piperidine, B-sitosterol, chebulagic acid,  tannins like emblicanin A and B, punigluconin and pedunculagin, flavonoids like quercetin and alkaloids like phyllantin and phyllantidin obtained from medicinal herbs could be used as phyto-immunoboosters to offer protection against various pathogenic attacks. The present review explained the potential role of phyto immune modulators and listed the plants and plant parts used for boosting immunity through novel ayurvedic treatments.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Agarwal R, Diwanay S, Patki P, Patwardhan B (1999). Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) extracts in experimental immune inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 67(1):27-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00065-3

Aher V, Wahi A (2011). Immunomodulatory activity of alcohol extract of Terminalia chebula retz Combretaceae. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 10(5):567-575. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v10i5.5

Aher VD, Kumar A (2010). Immunomodulatory effect of alcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula ripe fruits. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 2(9):539.

Anshuman KP (2023). Phytochemicals: An immune booster against the pathogens. Recent Frontiers of Phytochemicals 501-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-19143-5.00009-8

Anywar G, Kakudidi E, Byamukama R, Mukonz J, Schubert A and Oryem-Origa H (2020). Indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by herbalists in treating opportunistic infections among people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 246(112205):112205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112205

Aruna K, Sivaramakrishnan VM (1992). Anticarcinogenic effects of some Indian plant products. Food and Chemical Toxicology 30(11):953-956. https://doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(92)90180-S

Aruna K, Sivaramakrishnan VM (1996). Anticarcinogenic effects of the essential oils from cumin, poppy, and basil. Phytotherapy Research 10(7):577-580. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199611)10:7<577::AID-PTR906>3.0.CO;2-Q

Asif M, Ahmed MW, Khair S, Murugeswaran R, Meena R, Alam M., … Negi RK (2019). Pharmacognostical studies of Halela Siyah (Terminalia chebula Retz.): An important Unani medicinal plant. Research Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 11(4):205. https://doi.org/10.5958/0975-4385.2019.00035.9

Asloka LV, Kakkar KK, Chakre OJ (1992). Glossary of Indian medicinal plants with active principles (part-I). Publication and Information Directorate (CSIR). New Delhi, 1:92-97.

Atal CK, Sharma ML, Kaul A, Khajuria A (1986). Immunomodulating agents of plant origin. I: Preliminary screening. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,18(2):133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(86)90025-5

Bag A, Bhattacharyya SK, Chattopadhyay RR (2013). The development of Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae) in clinical research. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 3(3):244-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60059-3

Balachandran P, Panchanathan S. (1998). Immunomodulatory activity of Semecarpus anacardium. Linn. Nut milk extract in aflatoxin B1-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications 4:507-10.

Baliga MS, Dsouza JJ (2011). Amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn), is a wonder berry in the treatment and prevention of cancer. European Journal of Cancer Prevention 20(3):225-239. https://doi.org/10.1097/CEJ.0b013e32834473f4

Baliga S, Muglikar S, Kale R (2013). Salivary pH: A diagnostic biomarker. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology 17(4):461-465. https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-124X.118317

Barthakur NN, Arnold NP (1991). Chemical analysis of the emblic (Phyllanthus emblica L.) and its potential as a food source. Scientia Horticulturae 47(1-2):99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4238(91)90031-s.

Basha SJ, Code QR (2017). A review on Terminalia chebula. International Journal of Pharmacological Research 7(10):187-191. https://doi.org/10.7439/ijpr.v7i10.4431

Belapurkar P, Goyal P, Tiwari-Barua P (2014). Immunomodulatory effects of Triphala and its constituents: a review. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 76(6):467-475.

Berg G, Erlacher A, Grube M (2014). The edible plant microbiome: importance and health issues. In Principles of plant-microbe interactions: microbes for sustainable agriculture. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp 419-426

Bernardo AR, Da Rocha JDB, De Lima MEF, Ricardo DD, Da Silva LHP, Peçanha LMT, Danelli MDG (2015). Modulating effect of the piperine, the main alkaloid from Piper nigrum Linn., on murine B lymphocyte function. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 37(3):209-216.

Bharathi C, Reddy AH, Nageswari G, Lakshmi BS, Soumya M., Vanisri DS, Venkatappa B (2018). A review on medicinal properties of Tinospora cordifolia. International Journal of Scientific Research and Review 7(12):585-598.

Bhat S, Kumar A (2013). Biomaterials and bioengineering tomorrow’s healthcare. Biomatter 3(3):e24717.

Bhat SA, Rather SA, Iqbal A, Qureshi HA, Islam N (2020). Immunomodulators for curtailing COVID-19: a positive approach. Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 10(3):286-294. https://doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i3-s.4085

Biswas P, Ghorai M, Mishra T, Gopalakrishnan AV, RoyD, Mane AB, … Dey A (2022). Piper longum L.: A comprehensive review of traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and health‐promoting activities. Phytotherapy Research 36(12):4425-4476. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.7649

Bopana N, Saxena S (2007). Asparagus racemosus—Ethnopharmacological evaluation and conservation needs. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 110(1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2007.01.001

Chauhan NS, Singh MR, Sharma V, Yadav N, Sangwan NS, Singh D (2022). Traditional Indian knowledge of immunity from plants. In: Sangwan NS, Farag MA, Modolo LV (Eds). Plants and Phytomolecules for Immunomodulation. Springer, Singapore, pp 251-283. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8117-2_9

Chi S, She G, Han D, Wang W, Liu Z, Liu B (2016). Genus Tinospora: Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9232593.

Chime SA, Madumere CP (2023). Herbal Medicines as Potential Immune Boosters against Coronavirus Diseases. Current Traditional Medicine 9(2):64-74. https://doi.org/10.2174/2215083808666220329122149

Chopra RN, Nayar SL (1956). Glossary of Indian medicinal plants. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Choudhary N, Singh V (2018). A census of P. longum’s phytochemicals and their network pharmacological evaluation for identifying novel drug-like molecules against various diseases, with a special focus on neurological disorders. PloS One 13(1):e0191006. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0191006

Chughtai M, Aziz S, Ahsan S, Ali A, Sameed N, Saeed K, Rehman SJ (2020). Asparagus racemosus: A therapeutic herb. Scholarly Journal of Food and Nutrition 3(3):364-367. https://doi.org/10.32474/SJFN.2020.03.000161

Das S, Das MK, Jarouliya U, Ahire ED (2024). Plant Metabolites as Immunomodulators. In: Advances in Flavonoids for Human Health and Prevention of Diseases. Academic Press, pp 239-264.

Dastur JF (1962). Medicinal plants of India and Pakistan. D.B. Taraporevala Sons and Co. Pvt. Ltd., Bombay, pp 162-163

Dhanik J, Arya N, Nand V (2017). A review on Zingiber officinale. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 6(3): 174-184.

Dhar RS, Gupta SB, Singh PP, Razdan S, Bhat WW, Rana S, Latto SK, Khan S (2012). Identification and characterization of protein composition in Withania somnifera—an Indian ginseng. Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology 21(1):77-87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13562-011-0083-0

Dutta R, Khalil R, Green R, Mohapatra SS, Mohapatra S (2019). Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha) and withaferin a: Potential in integrative oncology. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20(21):5310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20215310

Dwivedi S (2008). Anthelmintic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of fruits of Terminalia chebula Retz. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2008(1):101.

Gani HMO, Hoq MO, Tamanna (2019). Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of Piper longum (Linn). Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 5(1):1-7. https://doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v5i1.41038

Gorgani L, Mohammadi M, Najafpour, GD, Nikzad M (2017). Sequential microwave-ultrasound-assisted extraction for isolation of piperine from black pepper (Piper nigrum L.). Food and Bioprocess Technology 10:2199-2207. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-017-1994-0

Gulati K, Rai N, Chaudhary S, Ray A (2016). Nutraceuticals in Respiratory Disorders. In: Nutraceuticals, Elsevier, pp 75-86.

Gupta A, Kumar R, Bhattacharyya P, Bishayee A, Pandey AK (2020). Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) roxb. (Bahera) in health and disease: A systematic and comprehensive review. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy and Phytopharmacology 77:153278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153278

Gupta K, Sharma S (2014). Medicinal properties of Zingiber officinale Roscoe-A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences 9:124-129. https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-0955124129

Haghighi M, Rohani MS (2013). The effects of powdered ginger (Zingiber officinale) on the hematological and immunological parameters of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Journal of Medicinal Plant and Herbal Therapy Research 1(1):8-12.

Hildah MPMA, Sitheni MS (2020). Medicinal properties of selected asparagus species: A review. In: Rao V, Mans D, Rao L (Eds). Phytochemicals in Human Health. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87048 .

Husen A (2021). Traditional Herbal Therapy for the Human Immune System. 1st ed. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003137955

Jain K, Jain NK (2013). Novel therapeutic strategies for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. Drug Discovery Today 18(23-24):1272-1281. https://doi.org/110.1016/j.drudis.2013.08.005

Jain R, Pandey R, Mahant RN, Rathor DS (2015). A review on medicinal importance of Emblica officinalis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research 6(1):72-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2013.08.005

Jalalpure SS, Patil MB, Prakash NS, Hemalata K, Manvi FV (2003). Hepatoprotective activity of the fruits of Piper longum Linn. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 65(4):363-366.

Jana P, Karmakar S, Roy U, Paul M, Bera AK (2018). Phytobiotics in aquaculture health management: A review. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies 6(4):1422-9.

Jayaraman S, Variyar EJ (2019). Immunomodulatory, anticancerous & antioxidant activities of Cyclea peltata (Lam.) Hook. f. and Thomson. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science 1:40-46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i10.35248

Jokar A, Masoomi F, Sadeghpour O, Nassiri-Toosi M, Hamedi S (2016). Potential therapeutic applications for Terminalia chebula in Iranian traditional medicine. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 36(2):250-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(16)30035-8

Joshi DR, Shrestha AC, Adhikari N (2009). A review on diversified use of the king of spices: Piper nigrum (black pepper). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 10:4089-4101.

Kumar A, Rahal A, Chakraborty S, Tiwari R, Latheef SK, Dhama K (2013). Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi): a miracle herb and boon to medical science-A Review. International Journal of Agronomy and Plant Production 4(7):1580-1589.

Kumar A, Singh A, Dora J (2012). Essentials perspectives for Emblica officinalis. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Chemical Sciences 1:11-18.

Kumar R, Saha P, Lokare P, Datta K, Selvakumar P, Chourasia A (2022). A systemic review of Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi): Morphological characteristics, phytoconstituents and therapeutic applications. International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 9(2):221-226. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijrasb.9.2.15

Kumar S, Gupta P, Sharma S, Kumar D (2011). A review on immunostimulatory plants. Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine 9(2):117-128. https://doi.org/10.3736/jcim20110201

Kumar N, Shala AY, Khurana SM (2021). Antiviral and immuno-boosting potential of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.). Medicinal Plants-International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries 13(2):237-244. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0975-6892.2021.00026.5

Kumari P, Misra SK, Sharma N (2016). Herbals as antimicrobials: A review. Journal of Ayurvedic and Herbal Medicine 2(1):31-35. https://doi.org/10.31254/jahm.2016.2108

Majdalawieh, AF, Carr RI (2010). In vitro investigation of the potential immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities of black pepper (Piper nigrum) and cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum). Journal of Medicinal Food 13(2):371-381. https://doi.org/10.1089/jmf.2009.1131

Mandal AK, Poudel M, Neupane NP, Verma A (2022). Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and applications of Ocimum Sanctum (Tulsi). In: Edible Plants in Health and Diseases: Volume II: Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties. Singapore; Singapore: Springer, pp 135-174.

Mashele SS, Kolesnikova N (2010). In vitro anticancer screening of Asparagus laricinus extract. Pharmacology 2:246-252.

Meghwal M, Goswami TK (2013). Piper nigrum and piperine: an update: Review on the use of black Peper. Phytotherapy Research 27(8):1121-1130. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.4972

Mukherjee PK, Harwansh RK, Bahadur S, Banerjee S, Kar A, Chanda J, Biswas S, Ahmmed SM, Katiyar CK (2017). Development of Ayurveda–tradition to trend. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2(197):10-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2016.09.024

Nadkarni KM (1976). Indian material medica. Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd, pp 1202-1211.

Negi JS, Singh P, Joshi GP, Rawat MS, Bisht VK (2010). Chemical constituents of asparagus. Pharmacognosy Reviews 4(8):215-220. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.70921

Patwardhan B, Kalbag D, Patki PS, Nagsampagi BA (1990). Search of immunomodulatory agents: a review. Indian Drugs 28:56-63.

http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2022v15i5.44374.

Pereira MM, Haniadka R, Chacko PP, Palatty P L, Baliga MS (2011). Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) as an adjuvant in cancer treatment: a review. Official Journal of the Balkan Union of Oncology 16(3);414-424.

Price KN, Frew JW, Hsiao JL Shi VY (2020). COVID-19 and immunomodulator / immunosuppressant use in dermatology. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology 82(5):e173-e175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2020.03.046

Puri A, Saxena R, Saxena RP, Saxena KC, Srivastava V, Tandon JS (1994). Immunostimulant activity of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 42(1):31-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(94)90020-5

Rayees S, Malik F (2017). Withania somnifera: From traditional use to evidence-based medicinal prominence. In: Science of Ashwagandha: Preventive and Therapeutic Potentials. Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp 81-103.

Saha S, Ghosh S (2012). Tinospora cordifolia: One plant, with many roles. Ancient Science of Life 31(4):151-159. https://doi.org/10.4103/0257-7941.107344

Sardhara RA, Gopal S (2013). Qualitative phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts of Tinospora cordifolia stem and Lantana camara flower. International Research Journal of Pharmaceutical and Applied Sciences 3(5):210-213.

Saxena VK, Chourasia S (2001). A new isoflavone from the roots of Asparagus racemosus. Fitoterapia 72(3):307-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00315-4

Sharma AK, Kumar S, Chashoo G, Saxena AK, Pandey AK (2014). Cell cycle inhibitory activity of Piper longum against A549 cell line and its protective effect against metal-induced toxicity in rats. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 51:358-364

Sharma U, Kumar N, Singh B, Munshi RK, Bhalerao S (2013). Immunomodulatory active steroidal saponins from Asparagus racemosus. Medicinal Chemistry Research: An International Journal for Rapid Communications on Design and Mechanisms of Action of Biologically Active Agents 22(2):573-579. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-012-0048-4

Shivaprasad HN, Kharya MD, Rana AC, Mohan S (2006). Preliminary immunomodulatory activities of the aqueous extract of Terminalia chebula. Pharmaceutical Biology 44(1):32-34. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200500530542

Singh AK, Srivastava A, Kumar V, Singh K (2018). Phytochemicals, medicinal and food applications of Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus): An updated review. The Natural Products Journal 8(1):32-44. https://doi.org/10.2174/2210315507666170922145258

Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M (2011). An overview on ashwagandha: a Rasayana (rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Medicines 8(5):208-213. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v8i5S.9

Singh N, Tailang M, Mehta HC (2016). A review on herbal plants as immunomodulators. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 7(9):3602-3610. https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.7(9).3602-10

Singh AK., Gillies CL, Singh R, Singh A, Chudasama Y, Coles B, ... Khunti K. (2020). Prevalence of co‐morbidities and their association with mortality in patients with COVID‐19: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism 22(10):1915-1924. https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14124

Srivastava P (2014). Therapeutic potential of Piper longum L. for disease management-a review. International Journal of Pharma Sciences 4(4):692-696.

Stojanović-Radić Z, Pejčić M., Dimitrijević M, Aleksić AV, Anil Kumar N, Salehi, B., … Sharifi-Rad J (2019). Piperine major principle of black pepper: A review of its bioactivity and studies. Applied Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) 9(20):4270. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204270

Sunila ES, Kuttan G (2004). Immunomodulatory and antitumor activity of Piper longum Linn. and piperine. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90(2-3):339-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.10.016

Swarnkar S, Katewa SS (2008). Ethnobotanical observation on tuberous plants from tribal area of Rajasthan (India). Ethnobotanical Leaflets 2008(1):87.

Tewari D, Sah AN, Pandey HK, Meena HS (2012). A review on phytoconstituents of Ocimum (Tulsi). International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 3(1). https://doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v3i1.103

Tiwari A (2011). Effect of five medicinal plants used in Indian system of medicines on immune function in Wistar rats. African Journal of Biotechnology 10(73). https://doi.org/10.5897/ajb10.2168

Tripathi DM, Gupta N, Lakshmi V, Saxena KC, Agrawal AK (1999). Antigiardial and immunostimulatory effect of Piper longum on giardiasis due to Giardia lamblia. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 13:561-565. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1573(199911)13:7%3C561::aid-ptr479%3E3.0.co;2-w

Upadhyay A, Agrahari P, Singh DK (2014). A review on the pharmacological aspects of Terminalia chebula. International Journal of Pharmacology 10(6):289-298. https://doi.org/10.3923/ijp.2014.289.298

Variya BC, Bakrania AK, Patel SS (2016). Emblica officinalis (Amla): A review for its phytochemistry, ethnomedicinal uses, and medicinal potentials concerning molecular mechanisms. Pharmacological Research: The Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society 111:180-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2016.06.013

Verma K, Mishra Y, Kapoor N, Yadav N (2024). Role of Indian medicinal plants for immunity booster against SARS-CoV-2 infection: An updated review. Current Nutrition & Food Science 20(7):823-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401319666230718112058

World Health Organization (WHO). 2020. Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences 2(3).

Yende SR, Sannapuri NS, Vyawahare NH (2010). Antirheumatoid activity of aqueous extract of Piper longum on Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1:129-133. http://dx.doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.1(9-S).129-33

Ziauddin M, Phansalkar N, Patki P, Diwanay S, Patwardhan B (1996). Studies on the immunomodulatory effects of Ashwagandha. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 50(2):69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(95)01318-0

Downloads

Published

2024-12-20

How to Cite

MOHANTY, M., MOHANTY, S., & ACHARYA, P. (2024). Phytotechnological interventions and herbal perspectives of medicinal plants in Ayurveda as phytoimmunoboosters - A novel preventive approach for microbial pathogens . Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 16(4), 12129. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16412129

Issue

Section

Review articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.55779/nsb16412129