Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under cadmium stress

Authors

  • Heba I. MOHAMED Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Science Department, 11341, Cairo (EG)
  • Aya I. MOHAMED Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Science Department, 11341, Cairo (EG)
  • Esraa W. GOMAA Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Science Department, 11341, Cairo (EG)
  • Kholoud A. MOSTAFA Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Science Department, 11341, Cairo (EG)
  • Marwa S. MAHMOUD Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Science Department, 11341, Cairo (EG)
  • Nada A. RAHOMA Ain Shams University, Faculty of Education, Biological and Geological Science Department, 11341, Cairo (EG)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16312001

Keywords:

antioxidant enzymes, cadmium, chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, radish

Abstract

The accumulation of cadmium (Cd) in plants poses a major risk to consumer health, in addition to affecting plant growth, development and quality. The study aimed to examine the effects of cadmium on the plants' ability for photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity. In this study, radishes were planted in Petri dishes and pots containing soil supplemented with different concentrations of cadmium sulphate (25, 50, and 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil). The results showed that the percentage of germination, seedlings length, and fresh and dry matter significantly declined its increasing cadmium concentrations. In addition, cadmium hindered plant growth, as evidenced by the fresh and dried weight of radish roots and leaves after a 100 mg Cd kg-1 soil treatment. There was also a notable decrease in chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and total leaf area per plant. The leaves of radish plant exhibited a significant increase in lipid peroxidation and electrolyte leakage contents under Cd stress, while, the relative water content (RWC) decreased. However, leaves and roots of radish plant showed a considerable increase in antioxidant enzymes (catalase; CAT, peroxidase; POD, and superoxide dismutase; SOD). Furthermore, radish showed a significant increase in Cd accumulation in all applications, however, there were no obvious symptoms of Cd toxicity following the 25 and 50 mg Cd kg-1 soil applications. In conclusion, the radish plants accumulated cadmium at higher concentrations (100 mg Cd kg-1 soil). So, we recommended cultivating the radish plants in soil that has low concentrations of cadmium.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Abbas S, Javed MT, Ali Q, Akram MS, Tanwir K, Ali S, Chaudhary HJ, Iqbal N (2021). Elucidating Cd-mediated distinct rhizospheric and in planta ionomic and physio-biochemical responses of two contrasting Zea mays L. cultivars. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 27:297-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-021-00936-0

Abu-Shahba MS, Mansour MM, Mohamed HI, Sofy MR (2022). Effect of biosorptive removal of cadmium ions from hydroponic solution containing indigenous garlic peel and mercerized garlic peel on lettuce productivity. Scientia Horticulturae 293:110727. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110727

Adnan M, Xiao B, Ali MU, Xiao P, Zhao P, Wang H, Bibi S (2024). Heavy metals pollution from smelting activities: A threat to soil and groundwater. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 274:116189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116189

Ahmed RS, Abuarab ME, Ibrahim MM, Baioumy M, Mokhtar A (2023). Assessment of environmental and toxicity impacts and potential health hazards of heavy metals pollution of agricultural drainage adjacent to industrial zones in Egypt. Chemosphere 318:137872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137872

Ali B, Deng X, Hu X, Gill RA, Ali S, Wang S, Zhou W (2015). Deteriorative effects of cadmium stress on antioxidant system and cellular structure in germinating seeds of Brassica napus L. Journal of Agriculture Science and Technology 17(17):63-74

Al-Mokadem AZ, Alnaggar AE, Mancy AG, Sofy AR, Sofy MR, Mohamed AK, Abou Ghazala MM, El-Zabalawy KM, Salem NF, Elnosary ME, Agha MS (2022). Foliar application of chitosan and phosphorus alleviate the potato virus Y-induced resistance by modulation of the reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defense system activity and gene expression in potato. Agronomy 12(12):3064. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123064

Anjum SA, Tanveer M, Hussain S, Bao M, Wang L, Khan I, Ullah E, Tung SA, Samad RA, Shahzad B (2015). Cadmium toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.): Consequences on antioxidative systems, reactive oxygen species and cadmium accumulation. Environmental Science Pollution Research 22:17022-17030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4882-z.

Beauchamp C, Fridovich I (1971). Superoxide dismutase: improved assays and an assay applicable to acrylamide gels. Analytical Biochemistry 44:276-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(71)90370-8

Budi HS, Catalan Opulencia MJ, Afra A, Abdelbasset WK, Abdullaev D, Majdi A, Taherian M, Ekrami HA, Mohammadi MJ (2024). Source, toxicity and carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals. Reviews on Environmental Health 39(1):77-90. https://doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2022-0096

Bradford MM (1976). A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72:248-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3

Cakmak I, Marschner H (1992) Magnesium deficiency and high light intensity enhance activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase in bean leaves. Plant Physiology 98:1222-1227. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.98.4.1222

Dawood MFA, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Sohag AAM, Abdel Latef AAH (2024) Role of acetic acid and nitric oxide against salinity and lithium stress in canola (Brassica napus L.). Plants 13(1):51. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13010051

Dawood MF, Sofy MR, Mohamed HI, Sofy AR, Abdel-Kader H A (2023). N- or/and P-deprived Coccomyxa chodatii SAG 216–2 extracts instigated mercury tolerance of germinated wheat seedlings. Plant and Soil 483(1):225-253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05732-7

El-Beltagi HS, Maraei RW, Shalaby TA, Aly AA (2022). Metabolites, nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of red radish roots affected by gamma rays. Agronomy 12(8):1916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081916

El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed AA, Rashed MM. (2010a) Response of antioxidative enzymes to cadmium stress in leaves and roots of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2(4):76-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb.2.4.5395

El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed AA, Rashed MM (2010b). Response of Antioxidative Enzymes to Cadmium Stress in Leaves and Roots of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae 2(4):76-82. https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb245395

El-Beltagi HS, Mohamed HI (2013). Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Pisum sativum L. seedlings by calcium chloride. Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 41(1):157-68. https://doi.org/10.15835/nbha4118910

Fouda H, Sofy M (2022). Effect of biological synthesis of nanoparticles from Penicillium chrysogenum as well as traditional salt and chemical nanoparticles of zinc on canola plant oil productivity and metabolic. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry 65(3): 507-516. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2021.95120.4469

Goncharuk EA, Zagoskina NV (2023). Heavy metals, their phytotoxicity, and the role of phenolic antioxidants in plant stress responses with focus on cadmium. Molecules 28(9):3921. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093921

Gutiérrez-Martínez PB, Torres-Morán MI, Romero-Puertas MC, Casas-Solís J, Zarazúa-Villaseñor P, Sandoval-Pinto E, Ramírez-Hernández BC (2020). Assessment of antioxidant enzymes in leaves and roots of Phaseolus vulgaris plants under cadmium stress. Biotecnia 22(2):110-8. https://doi.org/10.18633/biotecnia.v22i2.1252

Hewedy OA, Elsheery NI, Karkour AM, Elhamouly N, Arafa RA, Mahmoud GA, Dawood MF, Hussein WE, Mansour A, Amin DH, Allakhverdiev SI (2023). Jasmonic acid regulates plant development and orchestrates stress response during tough times. Environmental and Experimental Botany 208:105260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2023.105260

Hemeda HM, Klein B (1990). Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on peroxidase activity of vegetable extracts. Journal of Food Science 55:184–185. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1990.tb06048.x

Hodges DM, Deiong JM, Forney CF, Prange R (1999). Improving the thiobarbituric acid-reactive–substances assay for estimating lipid peroxidation in plant tissues containing anthocyanin and other interfering compounds. Planta 207:604-611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004250050524

Jawad Hassan M, Ali Raza M, Ur Rehman S, Ansar M, Gitari H, Khan I, Wajid M, Ahmed M, Abbas Shah G, Peng Y, Li Z (2020). Effect of cadmium toxicity on growth, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense system and cadmium accumulation in two sorghum cultivars. Plants (Basel) 9(11):1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111575.

Jawad Hassan M, Ali Raza M, Ur Rehman S, Ansar M, Gitari H, Khan I, Wajid M, Ahmed M, Abbas Shah G, Peng Y, Li Z (2020). Effect of cadmium toxicity on growth, oxidative damage, antioxidant defense system and cadmium accumulation in two sorghum cultivars. Plants 9(11):1575. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111575

Kaur N, Jhanji S (2016). Effect of soil cadmium on growth, photosynthesis and quality of Raphanus sativus and Lactuca sativa. Journal of Environmental Biology 37(5):993.

Ku YG, Ahn SJ, Kim YO (2021). Accumulation of cadmium and lead in four cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) during the seedling period. Horticultural Science and Technology 39(3):314-23. https://doi.org/10.7235/HORT.20210028

Kumar R, Kumar V, Tandon V, Kumar S, Roohi (2024). Effect and responses of cadmium in plants. In: Jha AK, Kumar N (Eds). Cadmium Toxicity in Water. Springer Water. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-54005-9_13.

Labudda M, Dziurka K, Fidler J, Gietler M, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Nykiel M, Prabucka B, Morkunas I, Muszyńska E (2022). The alleviation of metal stress nuisance for plants—a review of promising solutions in the face of environmental challenges. Plants 11(19):2544. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11192544

Le TV, Nguyen BT (2024). Heavy metal pollution in surface water bodies in provincial Khanh Hoa, Vietnam: Pollution and human health risk assessment, source quantification, and implications for sustainable management and development. Environmental Pollution 343:123216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123216

Li Y, Sun H, Liu Z, Chu Y, Huang Y, Bao Q (2024). Foliar jasmonic acid application reduces Cd and As accumulations in rice grains by regulating physiological, biochemical, and ROS scavenging attributes. Environmental Technology Innovation 34:103596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2024.103596

Li Z, Peng Y, Zhang XQ, Ma X, Huang LK, Yan YH (2014). Exogenous spermidine improves seed germination of white clover under water stress via involvement in starch metabolism, antioxidant defenses and relevant gene expression. Molecules 19:18003-18024. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules191118003.

Lichtenthaler HK, Buschmann C (2001). Chlorophylls and carotenoids: measurement and characterization by UV-VIS spectroscopy. Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry 1:F4–F3. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471142913.faf0403s01

Liu H, Yang L, Li N, Zhou C, Feng H, Yang J, Han X (2020). Cadmium toxicity reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.) through iron addition during primary reaction of photosynthesis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 200:110746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110746

Liu W, Zhang X, Liang L, Chen C, Wei S, Zhou Q (2015). Phytochelatin and oxidative stress under heavy metal stress tolerance in plants. In: Gupta D, Palma J, Corpas F(Eds). Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Damage in Plants Under Stress. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20421-5_8

Loi NN, Sanzharova NI, Shchagina NI, Mironova MP (2018). The effect of cadmium toxicity on the development of lettuce plants on contaminated sod-podzolic soil. Russian Agricultural Sciences 44:49-52.

Mansoor S, Ali A, Kour N, Bornhorst J, AlHarbi K, Rinklebe J, Abd El Moneim D, Ahmad P, Chung YS (2023). Heavy metal induced oxidative stress mitigation and ROS scavenging in plants. Plants 12(16):3003. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12163003

Manzoor H, Mehwish, Bukhat S, Rasul S, Rehmani MI, Noreen S, Athar HU, Zafar ZU, Skalicky M, Soufan W, Brestic M (2022). Methyl jasmonate alleviated the adverse effects of cadmium stress in pea (Pisum sativum L.): A nexus of photosystem II activity and dynamics of redox balance. Frontiers in Plant Science 13:860664. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.860664

Molina L, Segura A (2021). Biochemical and metabolic plant responses toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals present in atmospheric pollution. Plants 10(11):2305. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10112305

Murray MB, Cape JN, Fowler D (1989). Quantification of frost damage in plant tissues by rates of electrolyte leakage. New Phytologist 113:307–311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14698137.1989.tb02408.x

Ningombam L, Hazarika BN, Yumkhaibam T, Heisnam P, Singh YD (2024). Heavy metal priming plant stress tolerance deciphering through physiological, biochemical, molecular and omics mechanism. South African Journal of Botany 168:16-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2024.02.032

Parmar P, Kumari N, Sharma V (2013). Structural and functional alterations in photosynthetic apparatus of plants under cadmium stress. Botanical Studies 54:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1999-3110-54-45

Sana S, Ramzan M, Ejaz S, Danish S, Salmen SH, Ansari MJ (2024). Differential responses of chili varieties grown under cadmium stress. BMC Plant Biology 24(1):7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-023-04678-x

Semhi K, Clauer N, Chaudhuri S (2014) Changing elemental uptake of radish seedlings grown in Cd and Pb polluted smectite substrates. Applied Clay Science 99:171-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.029 10.1016/j.clay.2014.06.029

Seregin IV, Ivanove VB (1998). The transport of cadmium and lead ions through root tissues. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 45:780-785.

Shaari NE, Tajudin MT, Khandaker MM, Majrashi A, Alenazi MM, Abdullahi UA, Mohd KS (2022). Cadmium toxicity symptoms and uptake mechanism in plants: a review. Brazilian Journal of Biology 84:e252143. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.252143

Shahid M, Dumat C, Khalid S, Niazi NK, Antunes PM (2017). Cadmium bioavailability, uptake, toxicity and detoxification in soil-plant system. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 241:73-137. https://doi.org/10.1007/398_2016_8

Shams M, Ekinci M, Ors S, Turan M, Agar G, Kul R, Yildirim E (2019). Nitric oxide mitigates salt stress effects of pepper seedlings by altering nutrient uptake, enzyme activity and osmolyte accumulation. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 25:1149-61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-019-00692-2

Sheteiwy MS, Basit F, El‐Keblawy A, Jośko I, Abbas S, Yang H, Korany SM, Alsherif EA, Dawood MF, AbdElgawad H (2023) Elevated CO2 differentially attenuates beryllium‐induced oxidative stress in oat and alfalfa. Physiologia Plantarum 175(5):e14036. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppl.14036

Song X, Yue X, Chen W, Jiang H, Han Y, Li X (2019). Detection of cadmium risk to the photosynthetic performance of Hybrid Pennisetum. Frontiers in plant science 10:461577. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpls.2019.00798

Soni S, Jha AB, Dubey RS, Sharma P (2023). Mitigating cadmium accumulation and toxicity in plants: The promising role of nanoparticles. Science of The Total Environment. 30:168826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168826

Tao L, Guo M, Ren J (2015). Effects of cadmium on seed germination, coleoptile growth, and root elongation of six pulses. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 2015; 24(1):255-299. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/29942

Tuver GY, Ekinci M, Yildirim E (2022). Morphological, physiological and biochemical responses to combined cadmium and drought stress in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 33(2):419-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12210-022-01062-z

Ullah S, Khan J, Hayat K, Abdelfattah Elateeq A, Salam U, Yu B, Ma Y, Wang H, Tang ZH (2020). Comparative study of growth, cadmium accumulation and tolerance of three chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars. Plants 9(3):310. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030310

Wang M, Chen Z, Song W, Hong D, Huang L, Li Y (2021). A review on cadmium exposure in the population and intervention strategies against cadmium toxicity. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 106:65-74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-03088-1

Wang L, Wu K, Liu Z, Li Z, Shen J, Wu Z, Liu H, You L, Yang G, Rensing C, Feng R (2023). Selenite reduced uptake/translocation of cadmium via regulation of assembles and interactions of pectins, hemicelluloses, lignins, callose and Casparian strips in rice roots. Journal of Hazardous Materials 448: p.130812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130812

Xu Z, Peng J, Zhu Z, Yu P, Wang M, Huang Z, Huang Y, Li Z (2022). Screening of leafy vegetable varieties with low lead and cadmium accumulation based on foliar uptake. Life 12(3):339. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12030339

Zhao H, Guan J, Liang Q, Zhang X, Hu H, Zhang J (2021). Effects of cadmium stress on growth and physiological characteristics of sassafras seedlings. Scientific Reports 11(1):9913. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89322-0

Zhao S, Miao W, Sheng S, Pan X, Li P, Zhou W, Wu F (2024). Cadmium Exposure Impairs Development, Detoxification Mechanisms and Gene Expression of Glyphodes pyloalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Agronomy 14(3):626. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030626

Zhou L, Zhou L, Wu H, Jing T, Li T, Li J, Kong L, Zhu F (2024). Application of Chlorophyll Fluorescence Analysis Technique in Studying the Response of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to Cadmium Stress. Sensors 24(5):1501. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24051501

Zulfiqar U, Ayub A, Hussain S, Waraich EA, El-Esawi MA, Ishfaq M, Ahmad M, Ali N, Maqsood MF (2022). Cadmium toxicity in plants: Recent progress on morpho-physiological effects and remediation strategies. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 22(1):212-69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-021-00645-3

Downloads

Published

2024-09-24

How to Cite

MOHAMED, H. I., MOHAMED, A. I., GOMAA, E. W., MOSTAFA, K. A., MAHMOUD, M. S., & RAHOMA, N. A. (2024). Morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) under cadmium stress . Notulae Scientia Biologicae, 16(3), 12001. https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb16312001

Issue

Section

Research articles
CITATION
DOI: 10.55779/nsb16312001