Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of Moroccan Artemisia mesatlantica and A.  absinthium essential oils against fire blight caused by Erwinia amylovora

Laaziza DOUKKALI; Abdessalem TAHIRI; Latifa ASKARNE; Bouchra TAZI; Farhate GUENOUN; Said EZRARI; Rachid LAHLALI

doi:10.55779/nsb14211173

Authors

Laaziza DOUKKALI Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes, Department of the Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, BP S/40 Meknès; Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Environment, B.P 11201, Meknes; Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes, Department of the Basic Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, BP S/40 Meknès (MA)
Abdessalem TAHIRI Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes, Department of the Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, BP S/40 Meknès (MA)
Latifa ASKARNE Ibn Zohr University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Plant Protection, Agadir (MA)
Bouchra TAZI Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes, Department of the Basic Sciences, Laboratory of Chemistry, BP S/40 Meknès (MA)
Farhate GUENOUN Moulay Ismail University, Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Environment, B.P 11201, Meknes (MA)
Said EZRARI Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes, Department of the Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, BP S/40 Meknès; Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Route d’Imouzzer, PoBox 2202, Fez (MA)
Rachid LAHLALI Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknes, Department of the Plant Protection, Phytopathology Unit, BP S/40 Meknès (MA)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55779/nsb14211173

Keywords:

antibacterial activity, Artemisia absinthium, Artemisia mesatlantica, bioassay test, Erwinia amylovora, in vitro test

Abstract

The aim of this study was to find an alternative to chemical products used in the control of fire blight disease of rosaceous plants. In this work, essential oils of two Moroccan Artemisia species: Artemisia mesatlantica and Artemisia absinthium were screened for their antibacterial activity against Erwinia amylovora the causal agent of this disease. The EOs extraction was carried out by water distillation method in Clevenger- type apparatus and analyzed by gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detector (GC/FID) and by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The antibacterial activity of extracted EOs was tested in vitro based on the agar diffusion method and broth microdilution method and in vivo on detached immature pear fruits. The results revealed that the yields of extracted EOs were 1.25 and 0.58% respectively for A. mesatlantica and A. absinthium. The chemical composition analysis showed that investigated EOs were characterized with a high amount of β-Thujone (40.42% for A. mesatlantica and 36.25% for A. absinthium). Both EOs have a similar MIC value (2.08%). A. absinthium EOs were found to be more effective than A. mesatlantica EOs since they show the lowest MBC. These results indicate that EOs of A. absinthium and A. mesatlantica contained compounds with antibacterial potential against Erwinia amylovora. In the bioassay test, the application of A. absinthium EOs on detached immature pear fruits infected by E. amylovora resulted in total suppression of disease severity. Such natural products may represent a sustainable alternative to the use of chemical pesticides.

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