The role of silicon in plant under normal conditions and stress
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb14110973Keywords:
abiotic and biotic stress, cell wall, genes, plant tolerance, siliconAbstract
The paper is a review view data on the role of silicon (Si) in the physiology of higher taxa plants; data on the synthesis and localization of Si in cells, as well as its participation in the mechanisms of tolerance and plasticity of plants under the influence of adverse environmental conditions. The unique physical properties of silicon are described, which explain its bioactivity as a regulator of absorption and reflection of sunlight, as well as a regulator of photosynthesis. The role of silicon in the regulation of water balance and transpiration of plants, in the protection of plant cells for the action of biotic and abiotic stresses by including protective mechanisms at the level of the organs, tissue and cell are shown. Recent studies have shown some homology of aquaporin proteins and silicon transporters. Particular attention is paid to the effect of silicon on the expression of genes involved in the synthesis of osmotic substances and secondary metabolites with protective properties. The study confirms that the conceptual basis for the protection and preservation of flora from abiotic and biotic stresses may be the preservation and reproduction of species characterized by increased silicon uptake and accumulation of this ion in plant organs. Thus, the obtained data indicate the prospects of further studies of silicon participation in plant adaptation to adverse changes upon environmental factors in natural ecosystems or agrocoenosis with modern conditions of increasing anthropogenic pressure and forecast of global climate change.
Metrics
References
Ahmad R, Zaheer SH, Ismail S (1992). Role of silicon in salt tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Science 85(1):43-50. https://doi.org/10.1071/FP08100
Ahmed M, Fayyaz-ul-Yassen, Qadeer U, Aslam MA (2011). Silicon application and drought tolerance mechanism of sorghum. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6(3):594-607. https://doi.org/ 10.5897/AJAR10.626
Ahmed M, Qadeer U, Ahmed ZI, Fayyaz-Ul H (2016). Improvement of wheat (Triticum aestivum) drought tolerance by seed priming with silicon. Archiv fur Acker Pflanzenbau Bodenkd 62(3):299-315.
Belyavskaya NA, Fedyuk OM, Zoltareva EK (2018). Plants and heavy metals: perception and signaling. The Bulletin of Kharkiv National Agrarian University 3(45):10-30 (In Ukr).
Bockhaven JV (2014). Silicon-induced resistance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) against the brown spot pathogen Cochliobolus miyabeanus. PhD thesis, Ghent University, Belgium. pp 189.
Bockhaven JV, Vieesschauwer DD, Hofte M (2013). Towards establishing broad-spectrum disease resistance in plants: silicon leads the way. Journal of Experimental Botany 64(5):1281-1293. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jxb/ers329
Brenchley WE, Maskell EJ, Katherine W (2008). The inter-relation between silicon and other elements in plant nutrition. Annnals of Applied Biology 14(1):45-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0039-8
Breyton C, de Vitry C, Popot JL (1994). Membrane association of cytochrome b6f subunits. The Rieske iron-sulfur protein from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is an extrinsic protein. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269(10):7597-7602.
Burnet M, Lafontaine PJ, Hanson AD (1995). Assay, purification, and partial characterization of choline monooxygenase from spinach. Plant Physiology 108(2):581-588. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.2.581
Chen JQ, Meng XP, Zhang Y, Xia M, Wang XP (2008). Over-expression of OsDREB genes lead to enhanced drought tolerance in rice. Biotechnology Letters 30:2191-2198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-008-9811-5
Cherif M, Asselin A, Belanger RR (1994). Defense responses induced by soluble silicon in Cucumber roots infected by Pythium spp. Phytopathology 84(3):236-242. http://doi.org/10.1094/Phyto-84-236
da Cunha KPV, da Nascimento CWA, da Silva AJ (2008). Silicon alleviates the toxicity of cadmium and zinc for maize (Zea mays L.) grown on a contaminated soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 171(6):849-853. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200800147
Darvill AG, Albersheim P (1984). Phytoalexins and their elicitors – a defense against microbial infection in plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 35:243-275. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.35.060184.001331
Datnoff LE, Snyder GH, Korndörfer GH (2001). Silicon in Agriculture. Vol 8, 1st Edition. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Datnoff LE, Deren CW, Snyder GH (1997). Silicon fertilization for disease management of rice in Florida. Crop Protection 16:525-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(97)00033-1
Epstein E (1999). Silicon. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 50:641-664. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.50.1.641
Epstein E (2009). Silicon: its manifold roles in plants. Annals of Applied Biology 155:155-160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.2009.00343.x
Exley Ch (2009). Silicon in life: whither biological silicification? In: Mueller WEG, Grachev MA (Eds). Biosilica in Evolution, Morphogenesis, and Nano-biotechnology. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology, Marine Molecular Biotechnology 47:173-184. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88552-8
Farmer V, Delbos E, Miller JD (2005). The role of phytolith formation and dissolution in controlling concentrations of silica in soil solutions and streams. Geoderma 127(1-2):71-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.11.014
Farooq M, Wahid A, Kobayashi N, Fujita D, Basra SMA (2009). Plant drought stress: effects, mechanisms and management. Agronomy for Sustainable Development 29(1):185-212. https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2008021
Fauteux F, Remus-Borel W, Menzies JB, Belanger RR (2005). Silicon and plant disease resistance against pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Letters 249(1):1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2005.06.034
Fawe A, Abou-Zaid M, Menzies JG, Bélanger RR (1998). Silicon-mediated accumulation of flavonoid phytoalexins in cucumber. Phytopathology 88(5):396-401. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1998.88.5.396
Feng Y, Li X, Guo S, Chen X, Chen T, He Y, ... Yu M (2019). Extracellular silica nanocoat formed by layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly confers aluminum resistance in root border cells of pea (Pisum sativum). Journal of Nanobiotechnology 17(1):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-019-0486-y
Finkel ZV (2016). Silification in the microalgae. In: Borowitzka MA, Beardall J, Raven JA (Eds). The Physiology of Microalgae, Developments in Applied Phycology. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, pp 289-300. https://doi.prg/10.1007/978-3-319-24945-2_13
Fleck AT, Nye T, Repenning C, Stahl F, Zahn M, Schenk MK (2011). Silicon enhances suberization and lignification in roots of rice (Oryza sativa). Journal of Experimental Botany 62(6):2001-2011. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq392
Fleck AT, Schulze S, Hinrichs M, Specht A, Wassmann F, Schreiber L (2015). Silicon promotes exodermal Casparian band formation in Si-accumulating and Si-excluding species by forming phenol complexes. PLoS One 10(10):e0138555. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138555
Fu Fu Feng, Akagi T, Yabuki S, Iwaki M, Ogura N (2000). Distribution of rare-earth elements in seaweed: implication of two different sources of rare earth elements and silicon in seaweed. Journal of Phycology 36(1):62-70. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2000.99022.x
Funk C (2000). Functional analysis of the PSbX protein by deletion of the corresponding gene in Senechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Plant Molecular Biology 44:815-827. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026764728846
Gao JP, Chao DY, Lin HX (2007). Understanding abiotic stress tolerance mechanisms: recent studies on stress response in rice. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 49:742-750. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7909.2007.00495.x
Gau AE, Thole HH, Sokolenko F, Altschmed L, Hermann RG, Pistorius EK (1998). PsbY, a novel manganese-binding, low–molecular mass protein associated with photosystem II. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 260:56-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004380050870
Gill SS, Tuteja N (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 48(12):909-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016
Glazebrook J, Ausbel FM (1994). Isolation of phytoalexin-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of their interactions with bacterial pathogens. PNAS 91(19):8955-8959. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.19.8955
Gong HJ, Zhu XY, Chen KM, Wang SM, Zhang CL (2005). Silicon alleviates oxidative damage of wheat plants in pots under drought. Plant Science 169(2):313-321. https://doi.org /10.1016/j.plantsci.2005.02.023
Grasik M, Sakovic D, Abram K, Vogel-Mikus K, Gaberscik A (2020). Do soil and leaf silicon content affect leaf functional traits in Deshampsia caespitosa from different habitats? Biologia Plantarum (1):234-243. https://doi.org/10.32615/bp.2019.155
Guerriero G, Hausman JF, Legay S (2016). Silicon and the plant extracellular matrix. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:463. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00463.
Hamam A, Britto D, Flam-Shepherd R, Kronzucker H (2016). Measurement of differential Na+-efflux from apical and bulk root zones of intact barley and Arabidopsis plants. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.00272
Hattori T, Sonobe K, Araki H, Inanaga S, An P, Morita S (2008). Silicon application by sorghum through the alleviation of stress-induced increase in hydraulic resistance. Journal of Plant Nutrition 31(8):1482-1495. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160802208477
He C, Ma J, Wang L (2015). A hemicellulose-bound form of silicon with potential to improve the mechanical properties and regeneration of the cell wall of rice. New Phytologist 206(3):1051-1062. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.13282
Hirota R, Hata Y, Ikeda T, Ishida Y, Kuroda A (2010). The silicon layer supports acid resistance of Bacillus cereus spores. Journal of Bacteriology 192(1):111-116. https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00954-09
Hodson MJ, White PJ, Mead A, Broadley MR (2005). Phylogenetic variation in the silicon composition of plants. Annals of Botany 96(6):1027-1046. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mci255
Hofmeister M, Pitman KM, Goncharov A, Speck A (2009). Optical constants of silicon carbide for astrophysical appplications. II. Extending optical functions from infrared to ultraviolet using single crystal absorption spectra. The Astrophysical Journal 696(2):1502-1516. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637X/696/2/1502
Hundertmark M, Hincha DK (2008). LEA (Late embry-ogenesis abundant) proteins and their encoding genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. BMC Genomics 9:118. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-118
Ichinomiya M, Yoshikaw S, Kamiya M, Ohki K, Takaichi S, Kuwata A (2011). Isolation and characterization of Parmales (Heterokonta/Herterokontophyta/Stra-menopiles) from the Oyashio region, Western North Pacific. Journal of Phycology 47(1):144-151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2010.00926.x
Kawakami K, Iwai M, Ikeuchi M, Kamiya N, Shen J (2007). Location of PsbY in oxygen-evolving photosystem II revealed by mutagenesis and X-ray crystallography. FEBS Letters 58:4983-4987. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2007.09.036
Kemecheva M (2003). The role of silicon fertilizers in increasing rice productivity on meadow soils on the left bank of the r. Kuban. Dissertation, University of. Maykop, pp 132 (In Russian).
Kern J, Zouni A, Guskov A, Krauß N (2010). Lipids in the structure of photosystem I, photosystem II and the cytochrome b6f complex. In: Wada H, Murata N (Eds). Lipids in Photosynthesis. Springer. Chapter 10, pp 203-242. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2863-1_10
Kerstein G (2006). Cutiular water permeability and its physiological significance. Journal of Experimental Botany 47(305):1813-1832. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/47.12.1813
Khattab HI, Emam MA, Emam MM, Helal NM, Mohamed MR (2014). Effect of selenium and silicon on transcription factors NAC5 and DREB2A involved in drought-responsive gene expression in rice. Biologia Plantarum 58:265-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10535-014-0391-z
Knight CTG, Kinrade SD (2001). A primer on the aqueous chemistry of silicon. In: Datnoff LE, Snyder G, Korndorfer GH (Eds). Silicon in Agriculture. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, pp 57-84.
Kolesnikov M (2001). Silicon forms in plants. Advances in Biological Chemistry 41:301-332 (In Russian).
Kolupaev Yu (2001). Stress reactions in plants: molecular, vellular level. Kolupaev Yu (Ed). Kharkiv, Publ.: Kharkiv Agrarn University, pp 1-171 (In Russian).
Kolupaev Yu, Karpets YuV (2010). Formation of plants adaptive reactions to abiotic stressors influence.Yu (Ed). Kyiv: Publ. Osnova, pp 1-352 (In Ukr).
Kosakovskaya IV (2003). Physiological and biochemical bases of plant adaptation to stress. Kosakovskaya I (Ed). Publ: Steel, Kiev, pp 1-192 (In Ukr.).
Kovda VA (1973). The Bases of learning about soils. Dobrovolsky GV (Ed). Vol 1. Moscow, Nauka, pp 447 (In Russian).
Kusano T, Berberich T, Tateda C, Takahashi Y (2008). Polyamines: essential factors for growth and survival. Planta 228(3):367-381. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-008-0772-7
Latef AAA, Tran LSP (2016). Impacts of priming with silicon on the growth and tolerance of maize plants to alkaline stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 7 (243):1-10. https://doi.org/ 10.3389/fpls.2016.00243
Lenka SK, Katiyar A, Chinnusamy V, Bansal KC (2011). Comparative analysis of drought-responsive transcriptome in Indica rice genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance. Plant Biotechnology Journal 9(3):315-327. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00560.x
Li YC, Summer ME, Miller WP, Alva AK (1996). Mechanism of silicon induced alleviation of aluminum phytotoxicity. Journal of Plant Nutrition 19(7):1075-1087. https://doi.org/10.1080/01904169609365181
Liang YC, Wong JWC, Wei L (2005). Silicon-mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium contaminated soil. Chemosphere 58(4):475-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.09.034
Liang YC, Sun WC, Zhu YG, Christie P (2007). Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of abiotic stresses in higher plants: a review. Environmental Pollution 147(2):422-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2006.06.008
Liang Y, Zhang W, Chen Q, Liu Y, Ding R (2006). Effect of exogenous silicon (Si) on H+-ATPase activity, phospholipids and fluidity of plasma membrane in leaves of salt-stressed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environmental and Experimental Botany 57(3):212-219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.05.012
Ling H, Zeng X, Guo S (2016). Functional insight into the late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) protein fam-ily from Dendrobium officinale (Orchidacea) using an Escherichi coli system. Scientific Reports 6:39693. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39693
Lins U, Barros CF, da Cunha M, Miguens FC (2002). Structure, morphology and composition of silicon biocomposites in the palm tree Syagrus coronate (Mart.) Becc. Protoplasma 220(1-2):89-96. https://doi.org/0.1007/s00709-002-0036-5
Liu P, Yin L, Deng X, Wang S, Tanaka K, Zhang S (2014). Aquaporin-mediated increase in root hydraulic conductance is involved in silicon-induced improved root water uptake under osmotic stress in Sorghum bicolor L. Journal of Experimental Botany 65(17):4747-4756. https://doi.org/ 10.1093/jxb/eru220
Loiko VA, Miskevich AA (2015). Study of light absorption by silicon particulate structure as applied to solar cells. In: Borisenko V, Gaponenko S, Gurin V (Eds). Physics, Chemistry and Applications of Nanostructures. Proceedings of International Conference Nanomeeting, Ukraine, pp 536-539 (In Ukr).
Ma JF, Takahashi E (1993). Interaction between calcium and silicon in water-cultured rice plants. Plant and Soil 148(1):107-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02185390
Ma JF, Takahashi E (2002). Soil, fertilizer and plant silicon research in Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451166-9/50009-9
Ma JF, Tamai K, Yamaji N, Mitani N, Konishi S, Katsuhara M, … Yano M (2006). A silicon transporter in rice. Nature 440(7084):688-691. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04590
Ma JF, Yamaji N (2006). Silicon uptake and accumulation in higher plants. Trends Plant Science 11(8):392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2006.06.007
Ma JF, Yamaji N (2015). A cooperative system of silicon transport in plants. Trends Plant Science 20(7):435-442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2015.04.007
Ma JF, Yamaji N, Mitani-Ueno N, Xu X, Su Y, McGrath SP (2008). Transporters of arsenate in rice and their role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences U.S.A 105(29):9931-9935. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802361105
Ma JF, Yamaji N, Mitani-Ueno N (2011). Transport of silicon from roots to panicles in plants. Proceedings of the japan Academy. Series B Physical and Biological Sciences 87(7):377-385. https://doi.org/doi:10.2183/pjab.87.377
Ma JF, Yamaji N, Tamai K, Mitani N (2007a). Genotypic difference in silicon uptake and expression of silicon transporter genes in rice. Plant Physiology 145(3):919-924. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.107599
Ma JF, Yamaji N, Mitani N, Tamai K, Konishi S, Fujiwara T (2007b). An efflux transporter of silicon in rice. Nature 448(7150):209-212. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05964
Manivannan A, Ahn Yul-Kuyn (2017). Silicon regulates potential genes involved in major physiological processes in plants to combat stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 8 (1346):1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01346
Matychenkov VV (2008). The role of mobile silicon compounds in plants and the soil-plant system. Dissetation, Agricult University Pushchino. Moscow. (In Russian).
Menzies JG, Ehret DL, Glass ADM, Samuels AL (1991). The influence of silicon on cytological interactions between Sphaerotheca fuliginea and Cucumis sativus. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 39(6):403-414. https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(91)90007-5
Ming DF, Pei ZF, Naeem MS, Gong HJ, Zho W (2012). Silicon alleviates PEG-induced water-deficit stress in upland rice seedlings by enhancing osmotic adjustment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 198(1):14-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2011.00486.x
Mirshafieyan SA, Junpeng Guo J (2014). Silicon colors: spectral selective perfect light absorption in single layer silicon films on aluminum surface and its thermal tenability. Optics Express 22(25):31545-31554. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.031545
Mitani N, Yamaji N, Ma JF (2008). Characterization of substrate specificity of a rice silicon transporter, Lsi1. Pflugers Archive 456(4):679-686. https://doi.org /10.1007/s00424-007-0408-y
Mitani N, Chiba Y, Yamaji N, Ma JF (2009). Identification and characterization of maize and barley Lsi2-like silicon efflux transporters reveals a distinct silicon uptake system from that in rice. Plant Cell 21(7):2133–2142. https://doi.org/ 10.1105/tpc.109.067884
Mizoi J, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2012). AP2/ERF family transcription factors in plant abiotic stress responses. Biochim Biophys Acta 1819(2):86-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbagrm.2011.08.004.
More SS, Shindle SE, Kasture MC (2019). Status of silica in agriculture: A review. The Pharma Journal 8(6):211-219. https://doi.org/10.22271/tpi
Müller WEG, Grachev M (2009). Biosilica in evolution, morphogenesis, and nanobiotechnology, progress in molecular and subcellular biology, marine molecular biotechnology. Springer-Verlag Berlin, Heidelberg. 47:295-314.
Naeem A, Ghafoor A, Farooq M (2014). Suppression of cadmium concentration in wheat grains by silicon is related to its application rate and cadmium accumulating abilities of cultivars. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 95(12):2467-2472. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6976
Nakashima K, Ito Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K (2009). Transcriptional regulatory networks in response to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis and grasses. Plant Physiology 149(1):88-95. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.108.129791
Nedukha OM (2018). Leaf blade micromorphology and the silicon content in Phragmites australis (Poaceae) are correlated with water balance in the environment. Journal of Plant Physiology and Pathology 6(2):1-11. https://doi.org/10.4172/2329-955X.1000177
Nedukha OM, Kordyum E (2019). Participation of silicon ions in the resistance of Phragmites australis plants to soil moisture reduction. Dopovidi National Akademi Nauk of Ukraine. N7:89-96. (In Ukr). https://doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2019.07.089
Neumann D (2003). Silicon in plants. In: Müller WEG (Ed). Silicon Biomineralization. Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 33:149-160. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55486-5_6
Neumann D, De Figueiredo C (2002). A novel mechanism of silicon uptake. Protoplasma 220(1-2):59-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00709-002-0034-7
Neumann D, Lichtenberger O, Schwieger W, zur Nieden U (1997). Silicon storage in selected dicotyledons. Botanica Acta 110(4):282-290. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1997.tb00641.x
Yahaya NA, Yamada N, Kotaki Y, Nakayama T (2013). Characterization of light absorption in thin-film silicon with periodic nanohole arrays. Optics Express 21(5):5924-5930.https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.005924
Ohata K, Goto K, Kozaka T (1963). Observations on the reaction of rice cells to the infection of different races of Pyricularia oryzae. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 28:34-30.
Pandey S, Ranade SA, Nagar PK, Kumar N (2000). Role of polyamines and ethylene as modulators of plant senescence. Journal of Biosciences 25(3):291-299. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02703938
Pei ZF, Ming DF, Liu D, Wan GL, Geng XX, Gong H, Zhou WJ (2010). Silicon improves the tolerance to water-deficit stress induced by polyethylene glycol in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 29(1):106-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-009-9120-9
Perry CC, Keeling-Tucker T (2003). Model studies of colloidal silica precipitation using biosilica extracts from Equisetum telmatia. Colloid and Polym Science 281(7):652-664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-002-0816-7
Raven JA (2001). Silicon transport at the cell and tissue level. In: Datno LE (Ed). Silicon in Agriculture. Amsterdam, Elsevier, pp 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-3420(01)80007-0
Raven JA (2003). Cycling silicon - the role of accumulation in plants. New Phytologist 158(3):419-421. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00778.x
Remus-Borel W, Menzier J, Belanger R (2005). Silicon induces antifungal compounds in powdery mildew-infected wheat. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 66(3):108-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2005.05.006
Rezanka T, Sigler K (2008). Biologically active compounds of semi metals. Phytochemistry 69(3):585-606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.018
Rizwan M, Ali S, Ibrahim M, Farid M, Adrees M, Bharwana S, … Abbas F (2015). Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of drought and salt stress in plants: a review. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 22(20):15416-15431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-5305-x
Rodrigues FÁ, Vale FXR, Korndörfer GH, Prabhu AS, Datnoff LE, Oliveira AM, Zambolim L (2003). Influence of silicon on sheath blight of rice in Brazil. Crop Protection 22:23-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-2194(02)00084-4
Rodrigues FA, Benhamou N, Datno LE, Jones J, Belange R (2003). Ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects of silicon-mediated rice blast resistance. Phytopathology 93(5):535-546. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.2003.93.5.535
Rotat T (2006). Plant dehydrins - tissue location, structure and function. Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters 11(4):536-556. https://doi.org/10.2478/s11658-006-0044-0
Roy M, Wu R (2001). Arginine decarboxylase transgene expression and analysis of environmental stress tolerance in transgenic rice. Plant Science 160(5:869-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-9452(01)00337-5
Saqib M, Zoerb C, Schubert S (2008). Silicon-mediated improvement in the salt resistance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) results from increased sodium exclusion and resistance to oxidative stress. Functional Plant Biology 35(7):33-639. https://doi.org/ 10.1071/FP08100
Sauer D, Saccone L, Conley DJ, Hermann L, Sommer M (2006). Review of methodologies for extracting plant-available and amorphous Si from soils and aquatic sediments. Biogeochemistry 80(1):89-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-005-5879-3
Seebold KW (1998). The influence of silicon fertilization on the development and control of blast, caused by Magnaporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr, in upland rice. Thesis (PhD). dissert. University of Florida, Gainesville, pp 1-231.
Shahid MA, Balal RM, Pervez MA, Abbas Y, Aqueel A, Javaid M, Garcia-Sanchez F (2015). Foliar spray of phyto-extracts supplemented with silicon: an efficacious strategy to alleviate the salinity-induced deleterious effects in pea (Pisum sativum L.). Turkish Journal of Botany 39:408-419. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1406-84
Shi Y, Zhang Y, Han W, Feng R, Hu Y, Guo J (2016). Silicon enhances water stress tolerance by improving root hydraulic conductance in Solanum lycopersicum L. Frontiers in Plant Science 7:196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016
Schönher J (2006). Characterization of aqueous pores in plant cuticles and permeation of ionic solutes. Journal of Experimental Botany 57(11):2471-2491. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erj217
Song Zhaoliang, Zhao S, Zhang Y, Hu G, Cao Z, Wong M (2011). Plant impact on CO2 consumption by silicate weathering: the role of bamboo. The Botanical Review 77(3):208-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12229-011-9077-9
Song A, Li P, Fan F, Li Z, Liang Y (2014). The effect of silicon on photosynthesis and expression of its relevant genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under high-zinc stress. PLoS One 9(11):e113782. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0113782
Suzuki N (1965). Nature of resistance to blast. In: The Rice Blast Disease. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD, pp 277-301.
Suzuki S, Ma JF, Yamamoto N, Hattori T, Sakamoto M, Umezawa T (2012). Silicon deficiency promotes lignin accumulation in rice. Plant Biotechnnology 29(4):391-394. https://doi.org/10.5511/plantbiotechnology.12.0416a
Tabor CW, Tabor H (1984). Polyamines. Annual Review of Biochemistry 53:749-790. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.bi.53.070184.003533
Takasaki H, Maruyama K, Kidokoro S, Ito Y, Fujita Y, Shinozaki K (2010). The abiotic stress-responsive NAC-type transcription factor OsNAC5 regulates stress-inducible genes and stress tolerance in rice. Molecular Genetics and Genomics 284(3):173-183. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00438-010-0557-0
Tang, W, Newton RJ, Li C, Charles T (2007). Enhanced stress tolerance in transgenic pine expressing the pepper CaPF1 gene is associated with the polyamine biosynthesis. Plant Cell Reports 26(1):115-124. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00299-006-0228-0
Tripathi DK, Singh VP, Lux A, Vaculik M (2021). Silicon in plant biology: from past to present, and future challenges. Journal of Experimental Botany 71(21):6699-6702. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa448
Umezawa T, Fujita M, Fujita Y, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Shinozaki K (2006). Engineering drought tolerance in plants: discovering and tailoring genes to unlock the future. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 17(2):113-122. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.copbio.2006.02.002
Voronkov MG, Zelchan GI, Lukevitz EYa (1978). Silicon and life: chemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of silicon compounds. Institute of Organic Chemistry. Riga: Publ. Zinatne, pp 587. (In Russian).
Wang M, Gao L, Dong S, Sun Y, Shen Q, Guo S (2017). Role of silicon on plant-pathogen interaction. Frontiers in Plant Science 8:1-14. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.00701
Wang Q, Guan Y, Wu Y, Chen H, Chen F, Chu C (2008). Overexpression of a rice OsDREB1F gene increases salt, drought, and low temperature tolerance in both Arabidopsis and rice. Plant Molecular Biology 67(6):589-602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11103-008-9340-6
Wang L, Nie Q, Li M, Zhang F, Zhuang J, Yang W (2005). Biosilicified structures for cooling plant leaves: a mechanism of highly efficient mid-infrared thermal emission. Applied Physics Letters 87(19):194105. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2126115
Wang Y, Stass A, Horst WJ (2004). Apoplastic binding of aluminum is involved in silicon-induced amelioration of aluminum toxicity in maize. Plant Physiology 136(3): 3762-3770. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.104.045005
Watanabe S, Shimoi E, Ohkama N, Hayashi H, Yoneyama T, Yazaki J, … Fujiwara T (2004). Identification of several rice genes regulated by Si nutrition. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 50(8):1273-1276. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380768.2004.10408603
Würfel P, Würfel U (2009). Physics of Solar Cells: From Basic Principles to Advanced Concepts. 3rd Edition. Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, Germany, pp 288.
Yahaya NA, Yamada N, Kotaki Y, Nakayama T (2013). Characterization of light absorption in thin-film silicon with periodic nanohole arrays. Optics Express 21(5):5924-5930. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.21.005924
Yin L, Wan S, Tanaka K, Fujihara S, Itai A, Den X, Zhang S (2016). Silicon-mediated changes in polyamines participate in silicon-induced salt tolerance in Sorghum bicolor L. Plant, Cell and Environment 39(2):245-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12521
Yoshida S, Onishi Y, Kitagishi K (1965). Chemical aspects of the role of silicon in physiology of the rice plant. Bulletin of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Tokyo Serie B 15:1-58.
Zhu JK (2001). Plant salt tolerance. Trends in Plant Science 6(2):66-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1360-1385(00)01838-0
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Papers published in Notulae Scientia Biologicae are Open-Access, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution License.
© Articles by the authors; licensee SMTCT, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The journal allows the author(s) to hold the copyright/to retain publishing rights without restriction.
License:
Open Access Journal - the journal offers free, immediate, and unrestricted access to peer-reviewed research and scholarly work, due SMTCT supports to increase the visibility, accessibility and reputation of the researchers, regardless of geography and their budgets. Users are allowed to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of the articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author.
.png)
