Some Quality Traits of Different Wild Plants

This research was carried out to determine quality properties of some pasture plant species. In this research, 10 different pasture plant species were used as materials which were collected from Diyarbakir pasture areas of Turkey. At the end of research, quality properties of pasture plants were ranged from lowest to highest for a verage dry matter 11.5-30.9%, average crude protein 12.6-26.6%, crude ash 5.5-21.2%, acid detergent fiber 22.0-43.0%, neutral detergent fiber 20.5-56.1%, digestible dry matter 55.4-71.8%, dry matter intake 2.1-5.9% and relative feed value 90.2-327.0. Among the pasture plants studied, higher crude protein level than averages of species following plants may have importance, respectively: Centaurea iberica, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Crambe orientalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum aviculare, Anchusa strigosa and Malva neglecta . For relative feed value has been remarked: Sinapsis arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Crambe orientalis, Centaurea iberica and Hypecoum imberbe. average crude protein


Introduction
There were a lot of plants in natural pasture areas. These plants have important role in feeding of animals. In addition to natural forage crops, these plants were prefered sometimes by animals. This kind of plants usually does not prefer in rangelands. However, the number of valuable plants decreases in pasture composition, animals prefer these kinds of plants as seconderily. Nutritional properties of these seconderily preferred plants are inadequate in literatures.

Materials and methods
The research was carried out for determining of some nutrient contents in some pasture plants (Tab. 1).
Plant species were collected from the campus area (altitude 655 m) of Dicle University, in Diyarbakır, in 2008, Turkey.
Generally, Mediterranean and East Anatolian continental climates are dominant in this region. The average annual temperature is 15.8 o C, rainfall is 481.6 mm and the All of the plants were collected at mid flovering stage. Common names of the plants were used according to Anonymous (2009a).
Plant samples were dried at 70 o C in a drying cabin (Memmert ULM 800) for 12 hours. Acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were determined by Ankom Fiber Analizer (Model 220), crude protein (CP) were determined by Kjeldahl method, after samples were ground. Crude ash values were determinated at 550 o C for 6 hours in oven.
Achillea biebersteinii: The lowest CP (12.6%), lower DDM (58.2%) and RFV (121.8) values were obtained in this plant. When we consider this quality properties it seems that this plant has not enough nutritional value as roughage. In previous research, crude protein 15.35% and crude fiber 30.48% were obtained in this plant (Bakoğlu et al., 1999). However, it can be grazed in early stage for ruminant animals. In addition, Achillea species have been using in traditional Turkish medicine (Konyalioglu and Karamenderes, 2005).
Anchusa strigosa: The lowest RFV (90.2); lower DDM (55.4%), DMI (2.1%), however the highest ADF (43.0%) and NDF (56.1%) values were obtained in this plant. But, average relative humidity is about 53.8%. The average temperature can reach 30 o C in July and August. The lowest average temperature can be 7 o C in December and January. The earliest frost in the region is usually at the end of October and the last frost around end of April. Most rain falls in winter, and there is almost no rainfall from July to September. The highest humidity (70%) occurs in winter, lowest (27%) in summer. Weather conditions during the years when the research was carried out, are given in Fig. 1  (Anonymous, 2008).

Yarrow
Asteraceae Perennial
Malva neglecta: Higher protein content (20.7%); moderate level of ADF (30.0%), NDF (39.9%); lower level of DMI (3.0%) and RFV (152.3) were found in Malva neglecta. The protein content is higher than the results of Acar and Guncan (2002). When we consider the nutrient contents of this plant, it can be used as secondary forage crop. It has been used as forage for camel and in medicinal purposes. (Heshmati and Behmanesh, 2006).
Rumex conglomeratus: The highest DDM (71.8%); higher crude protein content (24.8%), DMI (5.4%), RFV (300.6); lower NDF (22.4%) and the lowest ADF (22%) contents were found in Rumex conglomeratus. Our findings for crude protein is higher than the results of some authors (Bakoğlu et al., 1999;Sleugh et al., 2001;Alvarez et al., 2008), but for ADF and NDF are lower than Alvarez et al. (2008). These differences probably are the result of plant species and harvesting stage. When we consider higher CP content and RFV, this plant may has importance in ruminant nutrition.
Sinapsis arvensis: The highest DMI (5.9%), RFV (327.0) parameters; higher CP (25.7%), DDM (71.5%); lower ADF (22.3%) and the lowest NDF (20.5%) content were determined in Sinapsis arvensis. In addition, this plant is a serious weed of cultivated land (Anonymous, 2009b). Besides, it can be use in animal nutrition as forage by grazing or collected for winter use in Turkey (Kamalak et al., 2005). Our findings about crude protein and crude ash contents are higher, but ADF and NDF values in Sinapsis arvensis are lower than the finding of Kamalak et al. (2005) dubius. Our results of protein content is higher than the results of Acar and Guncan (2002). As a result, if we consider higher crude protein level than averages of species following plants may have importance: Centaurea iberica, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Crambe orientalis, Amaranthus retroflexus, Polygonum aviculare, Anchusa strigosa and Malva neglecta; for RFV Sinapsis arvensis, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Crambe orientalis, Centaurea iberica, Hypecoum imberbe.
These species have importance as secondarily alternative forage crops in rangelands, especially in degenerated rangelands.