Pathogenicity, Epidemiology and Virulence Factors of Salmonella species: A Review

Tamègnon Victorien DOUGNON; Boris LEGBA; Esther DEGUENON; Gildas HOUNMANOU; Jerrold AGBANKPE; Afoussatou AMADOU; Kafayath FABIYI; Phenix ASSOGBA; Edna HOUNSA; Alidah ANIAMBOSSOU; Muriel de SOUZA; Honoré S. BANKOLE; Lamine BABA-MOUSSA; Tossou Jacques DOUGNON

doi:10.15835/nsb9410125

Authors

Tamègnon Victorien DOUGNON University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin (BJ)
Boris LEGBA University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin University of Abomey-Calavi,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory in Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, 05 PO BOX 1604 Cotonou, Benin
Esther DEGUENON University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin University of Abomey-Calavi,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory in Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, 05 PO BOX 1604 Cotonou, Benin
Gildas HOUNMANOU University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Jerrold AGBANKPE University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Afoussatou AMADOU University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Kafayath FABIYI University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Phenix ASSOGBA University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Edna HOUNSA University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Alidah ANIAMBOSSOU University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Muriel de SOUZA University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Honoré S. BANKOLE University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin
Lamine BABA-MOUSSA University of Abomey-Calavi,Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Laboratory in Biology and Molecular Typing in Microbiology, 05 PO BOX 1604 Cotonou, Benin
Tossou Jacques DOUGNON University of Abomey-Calavi, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, Research Laboratory in Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Microbiology and Pharmacology of Natural Substances, 01 PO BOX 2009 Cotonou, Benin

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb9410125

Keywords:

antibiotic; bacteriological and molecular diagnostics; Salmonella spp.; serovar

Abstract

Salmonella infections are major public health problems worldwide. The hereby review aimed to establish an overview on the pathogenicity, epidemiology and virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world. A systematic search was conducted online using the keywords ‘Salmonella’, ‘Salmonella spp.’, ‘Salmonella spp. Epidemiology’, ‘virulence factors of Salmonella spp. in the world’, ‘bacteria responsible for the contamination of meat products’, ‘non-typhoid salmonella’. These keywords were entered into databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using mainly French language. The obtained articles were included based on the reliability of their source, the study area (usually Benin and Africa) and the subject. The review revealed that Salmonella spp. is motile Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, of the family Enterobacteriaceae, currently counting more than 2,600 serovars. Human contamination occurs through the ingestion of contaminated water and food and can cause gastroenteritis or typhoid fever, which are two serious public health problems. A gene set constituting the pathogenicity islands determines the pathogenesis of Salmonella spp. The diagnosis is based on bacteriological, serological and molecular techniques. Salmonella infections are usually treated using antibiotics; however, emergence of antibiotic resistance in these microorganisms suggests that the anti-salmonella control should explore new sources such as medicinal plants.